{"product_id":"car-dealership-owner-makes","title":"How Much Does A Car Dealership Owner Make At 45 Units A Month","description":"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"card_smpl\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"double_border\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"card_smpl_header\"\u003e\n\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/fml_20_fml-Orange-blog-plus-icon.svg\" alt=\"Key Takeaways\" class=\"icon_how_to_use\"\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Takeaways\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct_blog\"\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eUnits grow from 45 to 179 monthly by Year 5.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eGross profit needs vehicle cost inputs, not sales price.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eF\u0026amp;I income rises, but compliance protects cash.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eOverhead and floorplan discipline decide owner draw.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003csection class=\"fml-owner-metric-cards\" aria-label=\"Top Owner Income KPI Cards\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"metric-grid\"\u003e\n\u003carticle class=\"metric-card is-green\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"metric-icon-tip\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Year 1 to Year 5 EBITDA, annualized from the model; it excludes debt service, taxes, reserves, and inventory funding, so it's operating profit, not cash to owner.\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"metric-icon\" src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/fml-owner-income-kpi-owner-income.svg\" alt=\"Owner income icon\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOwner income\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong class=\"metric-value\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Year 1 to Year 5 EBITDA, annualized from the model; it excludes debt service, taxes, reserves, and inventory funding, so it's operating profit, not cash to owner.\"\u003e$2.35M-$35.99M\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/article\u003e\u003carticle class=\"metric-card\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"metric-icon-tip\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Year 1 to Year 5 EBITDA margin from annual revenue and EBITDA; it shows operating margin before floorplan interest, taxes, and owner draws.\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"metric-icon\" src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/fml-owner-income-kpi-net-margin.svg\" alt=\"Net margin icon\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNet margin\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong class=\"metric-value\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Year 1 to Year 5 EBITDA margin from annual revenue and EBITDA; it shows operating margin before floorplan interest, taxes, and owner draws.\"\u003e1.6%-5.7%\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/article\u003e\u003carticle class=\"metric-card\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"metric-icon-tip\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Year 1 annual revenue from modeled traffic, conversion, mix, and prices; used as the closest planning threshold because target owner pay wasn't specified.\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"metric-icon\" src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/fml-owner-income-kpi-revenue-target.svg\" alt=\"Revenue for target pay icon\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRevenue for target pay\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong class=\"metric-value\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Year 1 annual revenue from modeled traffic, conversion, mix, and prices; used as the closest planning threshold because target owner pay wasn't specified.\"\u003e$147M\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/article\u003e\u003carticle class=\"metric-card\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"metric-icon-tip\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Hard because the model needs heavy upfront capex, $743k Year 1 payroll overhead, and tight cash timing before financing and inventory costs.\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"metric-icon\" src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/fml-owner-income-kpi-business-difficulty.svg\" alt=\"Business difficulty icon\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBusiness difficulty\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong class=\"metric-value\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Hard because the model needs heavy upfront capex, $743k Year 1 payroll overhead, and tight cash timing before financing and inventory costs.\"\u003eHard\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #126CFF;\"\u003eWant to test your dealership owner income?\n\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"fml-owner-calculator\" aria-label=\"Owner Income Calculator\" data-locale=\"en-US\" data-currency=\"USD\" data-default-scenario=\"base\" data-export-filename=\"Owner Income Calculator.xlsx\" data-source-site-name=\"Financial Models Lab\" data-source-site-url=\"https:\/\/financialmodelslab.com\" data-source-page-title=\"Owner Income Calculator\" data-note-title=\"Planning note:\" data-note-text=\"This is a researched planning estimate only. It is not guaranteed salary, tax advice, or owner distribution advice.\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-card\"\u003e\n\u003cheader class=\"fml-owner-header\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-heading\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"fml-owner-eyebrow\"\u003eOwner income calculator\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"fml-owner-intro\"\u003eEstimate owner take-home and target-pay gap from monthly revenue, margin, costs, reserves, and target pay.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-scenarios\" aria-label=\"Income scenario presets\"\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"fml-owner-scenario\" type=\"button\" data-scenario=\"low\"\u003eLow\u003c\/button\u003e\u003cbutton class=\"fml-owner-scenario is-active\" type=\"button\" data-scenario=\"base\"\u003eBase\u003c\/button\u003e\u003cbutton class=\"fml-owner-scenario\" type=\"button\" data-scenario=\"high\"\u003eHigh\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/header\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-layout\"\u003e\n\u003cform class=\"fml-owner-inputs\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-row\"\u003e\n\u003clabel class=\"fml-owner-label\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMonthly revenue\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-owner-tooltip\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Average monthly sales from vehicles and finance-and-insurance products before owner pay. Use a normal operating month, not a peak month.\"\u003ei\u003cspan role=\"tooltip\"\u003eAverage monthly sales from vehicles and finance-and-insurance products before owner pay. Use a normal operating month, not a peak month.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/label\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-money\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e$\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cinput data-owner-field=\"monthlyRevenue\" data-owner-kind=\"money\" data-owner-label=\"Monthly revenue\" data-owner-note=\"Average monthly sales from vehicles and finance-and-insurance products before owner pay. Use a normal operating month, not a peak month.\" data-low=\"1200000\" data-base=\"1467000\" data-high=\"1800000\" name=\"monthlyRevenue\" type=\"text\" inputmode=\"numeric\" value=\"1,467,000\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-row\"\u003e\n\u003clabel class=\"fml-owner-label\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGross margin\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-owner-tooltip\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Percent of revenue left after direct vehicle cost, reconditioning, and prep.\"\u003ei\u003cspan role=\"tooltip\"\u003ePercent of revenue left after direct vehicle cost, reconditioning, and prep.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/label\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-percent\"\u003e\n\u003cinput data-owner-field=\"grossMargin\" data-owner-kind=\"percent\" data-owner-label=\"Gross margin\" data-owner-note=\"Percent of revenue left after direct vehicle cost, reconditioning, and prep.\" name=\"grossMargin\" type=\"range\" min=\"0\" max=\"100\" step=\"1\" data-low=\"82\" data-base=\"84\" data-high=\"86\" value=\"84\"\u003e\u003coutput\u003e84%\u003c\/output\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-row\"\u003e\n\u003clabel class=\"fml-owner-label\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLabor cost\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-owner-tooltip\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Monthly payroll before owner pay. Include sales, finance, admin, and service staff.\"\u003ei\u003cspan role=\"tooltip\"\u003eMonthly payroll before owner pay. Include sales, finance, admin, and service staff.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/label\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-money\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e$\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cinput data-owner-field=\"laborCost\" data-owner-kind=\"money\" data-owner-label=\"Labor cost\" data-owner-note=\"Monthly payroll before owner pay. Include sales, finance, admin, and service staff.\" data-low=\"45000\" data-base=\"49200\" data-high=\"65000\" name=\"laborCost\" type=\"text\" inputmode=\"numeric\" value=\"49,200\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-row\"\u003e\n\u003clabel class=\"fml-owner-label\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFixed overhead\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-owner-tooltip\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Monthly rent, utilities, insurance, software, hosting, security, and office costs.\"\u003ei\u003cspan role=\"tooltip\"\u003eMonthly rent, utilities, insurance, software, hosting, security, and office costs.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/label\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-money\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e$\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cinput data-owner-field=\"fixedOverhead\" data-owner-kind=\"money\" data-owner-label=\"Fixed overhead\" data-owner-note=\"Monthly rent, utilities, insurance, software, hosting, security, and office costs.\" data-low=\"22500\" data-base=\"25100\" data-high=\"30000\" name=\"fixedOverhead\" type=\"text\" inputmode=\"numeric\" value=\"25,100\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-row\"\u003e\n\u003clabel class=\"fml-owner-label\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMarketing\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-owner-tooltip\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Monthly ad spend and lead generation cost.\"\u003ei\u003cspan role=\"tooltip\"\u003eMonthly ad spend and lead generation cost.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/label\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-money\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e$\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cinput data-owner-field=\"marketing\" data-owner-kind=\"money\" data-owner-label=\"Marketing\" data-owner-note=\"Monthly ad spend and lead generation cost.\" data-low=\"85000\" data-base=\"103000\" data-high=\"120000\" name=\"marketing\" type=\"text\" inputmode=\"numeric\" value=\"103,000\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-row\"\u003e\n\u003clabel class=\"fml-owner-label\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDebt service\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-owner-tooltip\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Monthly loan, floorplan, or other required debt payments. Set to 0 if none is modeled.\"\u003ei\u003cspan role=\"tooltip\"\u003eMonthly loan, floorplan, or other required debt payments. Set to 0 if none is modeled.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/label\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-money\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e$\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cinput data-owner-field=\"debtService\" data-owner-kind=\"money\" data-owner-label=\"Debt service\" data-owner-note=\"Monthly loan, floorplan, or other required debt payments. Set to 0 if none is modeled.\" data-low=\"0\" data-base=\"0\" data-high=\"0\" name=\"debtService\" type=\"text\" inputmode=\"numeric\" value=\"\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-row\"\u003e\n\u003clabel class=\"fml-owner-label\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTax reserve\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-owner-tooltip\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Percent of profit set aside for taxes before owner take-home.\"\u003ei\u003cspan role=\"tooltip\"\u003ePercent of profit set aside for taxes before owner take-home.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/label\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-percent\"\u003e\n\u003cinput data-owner-field=\"taxReserve\" data-owner-kind=\"percent\" data-owner-label=\"Tax reserve\" data-owner-note=\"Percent of profit set aside for taxes before owner take-home.\" name=\"taxReserve\" type=\"range\" min=\"0\" max=\"50\" step=\"1\" data-low=\"18\" data-base=\"24\" data-high=\"28\" value=\"24\"\u003e\u003coutput\u003e24%\u003c\/output\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-row\"\u003e\n\u003clabel class=\"fml-owner-label\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eReinvestment reserve\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-owner-tooltip\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Percent of profit kept for repairs, growth, inventory swings, and cash buffer.\"\u003ei\u003cspan role=\"tooltip\"\u003ePercent of profit kept for repairs, growth, inventory swings, and cash buffer.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/label\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-percent\"\u003e\n\u003cinput data-owner-field=\"reinvestmentReserve\" data-owner-kind=\"percent\" data-owner-label=\"Reinvestment reserve\" data-owner-note=\"Percent of profit kept for repairs, growth, inventory swings, and cash buffer.\" name=\"reinvestmentReserve\" type=\"range\" min=\"0\" max=\"50\" step=\"1\" data-low=\"5\" data-base=\"10\" data-high=\"14\" value=\"10\"\u003e\u003coutput\u003e10%\u003c\/output\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-row\"\u003e\n\u003clabel class=\"fml-owner-label\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTarget owner pay\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-owner-tooltip\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Monthly owner income goal used to calculate the target-pay gap.\"\u003ei\u003cspan role=\"tooltip\"\u003eMonthly owner income goal used to calculate the target-pay gap.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/label\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-money\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e$\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cinput data-owner-field=\"targetOwnerPay\" data-owner-kind=\"money\" data-owner-label=\"Target owner pay\" data-owner-note=\"Monthly owner income goal used to calculate the target-pay gap.\" data-low=\"40000\" data-base=\"60000\" data-high=\"90000\" name=\"targetOwnerPay\" type=\"text\" inputmode=\"numeric\" value=\"60,000\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/form\u003e\n\u003caside class=\"fml-owner-results\" aria-live=\"polite\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-owner-tag\"\u003eOwner income output\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-metrics\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-metric is-primary\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"fml-owner-metric-label\"\u003eOwner Income\u003cspan class=\"fml-owner-tooltip\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Monthly take-home after tax and reinvestment reserves.\"\u003ei\u003cspan role=\"tooltip\"\u003eMonthly take-home after tax and reinvestment reserves.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong data-owner-output=\"monthlyOwnerIncome\"\u003e$696K\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-metric\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"fml-owner-metric-label\"\u003eNet Margin\u003cspan class=\"fml-owner-tooltip\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Owner income divided by monthly revenue.\"\u003ei\u003cspan role=\"tooltip\"\u003eOwner income divided by monthly revenue.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong data-owner-output=\"netProfitMargin\"\u003e47%\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-metric\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"fml-owner-metric-label\"\u003eRevenue for Target Pay\u003cspan class=\"fml-owner-tooltip\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Monthly revenue needed to support the target owner pay.\"\u003ei\u003cspan role=\"tooltip\"\u003eMonthly revenue needed to support the target owner pay.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong data-owner-output=\"revenueNeeded\"\u003e$319K\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-metric is-target-gap is-positive\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"fml-owner-metric-label\"\u003eTarget Pay Gap\u003cspan class=\"fml-owner-tooltip\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Owner income minus target owner pay. Negative means the target pay is not covered.\"\u003ei\u003cspan role=\"tooltip\"\u003eOwner income minus target owner pay. Negative means the target pay is not covered.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong data-owner-output=\"targetPayGap\"\u003e$636K\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdl class=\"fml-owner-result-list\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eAnnual owner income\u003c\/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd data-owner-output=\"annualOwnerIncome\"\u003e$8,355,444\u003c\/dd\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eProfit before reserves\u003c\/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd data-owner-output=\"profitBeforeReserves\"\u003e$1,054,980\u003c\/dd\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eTax + reinvestment reserve\u003c\/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd data-owner-output=\"reserveAmount\"\u003e$358,693\u003c\/dd\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eTarget pay gap\u003c\/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd data-owner-output=\"cashAfterTargetPay\"\u003e$636,287\u003c\/dd\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/dl\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-bridge\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-bar-row\" data-owner-bridge=\"revenue\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eRevenue\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ci style=\"--fml-owner-share: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cb data-owner-bridge-value\u003e$1.5M\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-bar-row\" data-owner-bridge=\"grossProfit\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eGross profit\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ci style=\"--fml-owner-share: 84%;\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cb data-owner-bridge-value\u003e$1.2M\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-bar-row\" data-owner-bridge=\"operatingCosts\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eOperating costs\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ci style=\"--fml-owner-share: 12%;\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cb data-owner-bridge-value\u003e$177K\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-bar-row\" data-owner-bridge=\"reserveAmount\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eReserves\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ci style=\"--fml-owner-share: 24%;\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cb data-owner-bridge-value\u003e$359K\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-bar-row\" data-owner-bridge=\"ownerIncome\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eOwner income\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ci style=\"--fml-owner-share: 47%;\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cb data-owner-bridge-value\u003e$696K\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"fml-owner-export\" type=\"button\" data-owner-export\u003eEXPORT XLSX\u003c\/button\u003e\u003c\/aside\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-owner-note\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"fml-owner-note-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e!\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlanning note:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a researched planning estimate only. It is not guaranteed salary, tax advice, or owner distribution advice.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design_blog\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section_blog text-2_new_design_blog\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"line_top_blog\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #126CFF;\"\u003eWant to check owner income in the Car Dealership cash flow model?\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis view shows revenue, gross profit, operating profit, cash flow, and owner-income assumptions. Open the \u003ca href=\"\/products\/car-dealership-financial-model\"\u003eCar Dealership Financial Model Template\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch4\u003eOwner-income model highlights\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct_blog\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOwner-income scenarios by year\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e45 to 179 monthly units\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e$147M to $629M revenue\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCosts move 16% to 12%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTraffic, conversion, repeat customers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section_blog image-2_new_design_blog\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"preview-card\" data-preview-src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/car-dealership-financial-model-dashboard-financialmodelslab_ebba94dd-dbd3-4b86-9784-11a78602acad.webp\"\u003e\n\u003cimg class=\"preview-img\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\" src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/car-dealership-financial-model-dashboard-financialmodelslab_ebba94dd-dbd3-4b86-9784-11a78602acad.webp?width=500\" alt=\"Car Dealership Financial Model dashboard summarizing key KPIs, sales mix, gross margin, inventory turnover, runway\/cash and performance in a dynamic dashboard to fix cash-flow blind spots and aid investor-ready reporting.\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"preview-overlay\"\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"preview-btn\" type=\"button\" style=\"align-items: center; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-flex; justify-content: center; gap: 6px; line-height: 1;\"\u003e\nPREVIEW \u003csvg fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" role=\"presentation\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" width=\"14\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M416 176V86.63L246.6 256L416 425.4V336c0-8.844 7.156-16 16-16s16 7.156 16 16v128c0 8.844-7.156 16-16 16h-128c-8.844 0-16-7.156-16-16s7.156-16 16-16h89.38L224 278.6L54.63 448H144C152.8 448 160 455.2 160 464S152.8 480 144 480h-128C7.156 480 0 472.8 0 464v-128C0 327.2 7.156 320 16 320S32 327.2 32 336v89.38L201.4 256L32 86.63V176C32 184.8 24.84 192 16 192S0 184.8 0 176v-128C0 39.16 7.156 32 16 32h128C152.8 32 160 39.16 160 48S152.8 64 144 64H54.63L224 233.4L393.4 64H304C295.2 64 288 56.84 288 48S295.2 32 304 32h128C440.8 32 448 39.16 448 48v128C448 184.8 440.8 192 432 192S416 184.8 416 176z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\n\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #126CFF;\"\u003eHow much does a car dealership owner make per year?\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003eCar Dealership\u003c\/strong\u003e owner’s yearly income can’t be pinned to one universal number from this model; \u003ca href=\"\/blogs\/kpi-metrics\/car-dealership\"\u003eWhat Is The Most Important Indicator For The Success Of Car Dealership?\u003c\/a\u003e should be read with scenario logic, not a flat salary answer. Here’s the quick math: Year 1 supports \u003cstrong\u003e45 units\/month\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003e$177M annualized revenue\u003c\/strong\u003e, while Year 5 supports \u003cstrong\u003e179 units\/month\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003e$754M annualized revenue\u003c\/strong\u003e, but owner profit needs missing cost data.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_2_clmn_row\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"card_smpl blue_card\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"card_smpl_header\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/fml_20_fml-Orange-blog-colons-icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\" class=\"icon_how_to_use\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003eWhat drives owner pay\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct_blog\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFront-end gross\u003c\/strong\u003e per vehicle sold\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFinance and insurance\u003c\/strong\u003e attachment rate\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eService contribution\u003c\/strong\u003e after sale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOverhead, debt, taxes, reserves\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"card_smpl\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"card_smpl_header\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/fml_20_fml-Orange-blog-intro-icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\" class=\"icon_how_to_use\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003eWhat’s still missing\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct_blog\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVehicle acquisition cost\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFloorplan interest cost\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFinal operating profit\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOwner draw policy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #126CFF;\"\u003eWhat car dealership profit margin matters most for owner income?\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor a \u003cstrong\u003eCar Dealership\u003c\/strong\u003e, the margin that matters most for owner income is \u003cstrong\u003enet profit and distributable cash\u003c\/strong\u003e, not just gross margin. Front-end gross is vehicle selling price less vehicle acquisition and direct vehicle costs, while finance and insurance (F\u0026amp;I) gross is back-end profit from compliant product sales and lender relationships; see \u003ca href=\"\/blogs\/startup-costs\/car-dealership\"\u003eHow Much Does It Cost To Open, Start, Launch Your Car Dealership Business?\u003c\/a\u003e for the setup context. In Year 1, the modeled direct costs are \u003cstrong\u003e3%\u003c\/strong\u003e reconditioning, \u003cstrong\u003e2%\u003c\/strong\u003e prep and logistics, \u003cstrong\u003e7%\u003c\/strong\u003e marketing, and \u003cstrong\u003e4%\u003c\/strong\u003e provider fees, so a \u003cstrong\u003e1-point\u003c\/strong\u003e cost swing on \u003cstrong\u003e$147M\u003c\/strong\u003e monthly revenue is about \u003cstrong\u003e$147k\u003c\/strong\u003e before tax and reserves.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_2_clmn_row\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"card_smpl blue_card\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"card_smpl_header\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/fml_20_fml-Orange-blog-colons-icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\" class=\"icon_how_to_use\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003eOwner income drivers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct_blog\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNet profit\u003c\/strong\u003e funds owner pay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eF\u0026amp;I gross\u003c\/strong\u003e boosts back-end income.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eService profit\u003c\/strong\u003e can steady cash.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFront-end gross\u003c\/strong\u003e starts the margin.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"card_smpl\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"card_smpl_header\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/fml_20_fml-Orange-blog-intro-icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\" class=\"icon_how_to_use\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003eYear 1 cost levers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct_blog\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e3%\u003c\/strong\u003e reconditioning.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e2%\u003c\/strong\u003e prep and logistics.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e7%\u003c\/strong\u003e marketing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e4%\u003c\/strong\u003e provider fees.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #126CFF;\"\u003eHow many cars does a dealership need to sell to be profitable?\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003eCar Dealership\u003c\/strong\u003e breaks even when \u003cstrong\u003etrue contribution per vehicle\u003c\/strong\u003e covers fixed overhead, not when headline sales look high. Using the stated \u003cstrong\u003e$743k\u003c\/strong\u003e monthly fixed payroll overhead, break-even units equal \u003cstrong\u003e$743k ÷ contribution per vehicle\u003c\/strong\u003e after vehicle cost, reconditioning, prep, marketing, finance and insurance fees, and floorplan interest. At \u003cstrong\u003e45\u003c\/strong\u003e modeled units a month, each \u003cstrong\u003e$1,000\u003c\/strong\u003e of contribution covers only \u003cstrong\u003e$45k\u003c\/strong\u003e before fixed costs, so slower inventory turn or aging units pushes break-even up.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_2_clmn_row\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"card_smpl\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"card_smpl_header\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/fml_20_fml-Orange-blog-intro-icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\" class=\"icon_how_to_use\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003eBreak-even math\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct_blog\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e$251k\u003c\/strong\u003e fixed expenses\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e$492k\u003c\/strong\u003e wages\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e$743k\u003c\/strong\u003e monthly overhead\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBreak-even = overhead divided by contribution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"card_smpl blue_card\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"card_smpl_header\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/fml_20_fml-Orange-blog-colons-icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\" class=\"icon_how_to_use\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003eProfit drivers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct_blog\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRaise contribution per unit\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpeed up inventory turn\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCut aging-unit risk\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWatch floorplan interest closely\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #126CFF;\"\u003eWant the six dealership income drivers?\n\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"fml-main-income-drivers\" aria-label=\"Main income drivers for a car dealership\"\u003e\u003carticle class=\"driver-option is-cards\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"main-driver-grid\"\u003e\n\u003carticle class=\"main-driver-card is-primary\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"main-driver-heading\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"driver-rank\"\u003e1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ch4\u003eUnits Sold\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e45-179\/mo\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe model grows from 45 units a month in Year 1 to 179 in Year 5, so volume is the biggest take-home lever.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/article\u003e\u003carticle class=\"main-driver-card\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"main-driver-heading\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"driver-rank\"\u003e2\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ch4\u003eGross Profit\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e$26.6K-$38K\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eFront-end gross on new and CPO units, after reconditioning and prep, decides how much of each sale stays in the business.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/article\u003e\u003carticle class=\"main-driver-card\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"main-driver-heading\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"driver-rank\"\u003e3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ch4\u003eF\u0026amp;I Income\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e$2K-$2.4K\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt a 10% mix, finance and insurance adds profit per deal without needing more showroom traffic.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/article\u003e\u003carticle class=\"main-driver-card\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"main-driver-heading\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"driver-rank\"\u003e4\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ch4\u003eService Cash\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSteady\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eService and parts can smooth cash flow, but you need a separate margin input to size its real impact.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/article\u003e\u003carticle class=\"main-driver-card\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"main-driver-heading\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"driver-rank\"\u003e5\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ch4\u003eOverhead\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e$74K\/mo\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eLease, wages, software, and other fixed costs run before sales land, so they set the cash floor.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/article\u003e\u003carticle class=\"main-driver-card\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"main-driver-heading\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"driver-rank\"\u003e6\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ch4\u003eInventory Cash\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e$749K\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eReserves and inventory financing have to be in place before owner take-home starts, and minimum cash hits $749K in Month 2.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/article\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #126CFF;\"\u003eCar Dealership Core Six Income Drivers\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #126CFF;\"\u003eMonthly Units Sold\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design_timeline\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"left-row1\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMonthly Units Sold\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMonthly units sold\u003c\/strong\u003e is the number of vehicles delivered each month, driven by traffic, buyer conversion, and the number of units each deal creates. The model shows about \u003cstrong\u003e45 units per month\u003c\/strong\u003e in Year 1 from \u003cstrong\u003e237 weekly visitors\u003c\/strong\u003e, about \u003cstrong\u003e1,027 monthly visitors\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003e4% buyer conversion\u003c\/strong\u003e, then rising to \u003cstrong\u003e179 units per month\u003c\/strong\u003e in Year 5 with \u003cstrong\u003e398 weekly visitors\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003e8% conversion\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMore units spread \u003cstrong\u003efixed costs\u003c\/strong\u003e over more deals and create more shots at front-end gross, finance and insurance income, trade-ins, and service retention. But weak volume at thin margins burns cash fast. The owner’s take-home rises only when each extra unit is profitable enough to lower overhead per vehicle.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"right-row1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"tips-box\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTrack Traffic to Delivered Units\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStart with the funnel: \u003cstrong\u003eweekly visitors\u003c\/strong\u003e, showroom-to-buyer conversion, and delivered units. If traffic is flat, units won’t scale; if conversion slips, more traffic just adds cost. Here’s the quick math: the model’s Year 1 output is \u003cstrong\u003e~45 units\/month\u003c\/strong\u003e, so every point of conversion matters to cash flow and owner draw.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWatch \u003cstrong\u003eunits per month\u003c\/strong\u003e against overhead, not just sales activity. Track what changes volume: lead source, close rate, and inventory fit. If volume rises before gross margin is stable, profits can fall even as sales grow. One clean rule: more units only help when each deal still covers its share of overhead.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct_blog\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMeasure\u003c\/strong\u003e traffic and close rate weekly.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCompare\u003c\/strong\u003e units to fixed overhead.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProtect\u003c\/strong\u003e gross on every extra deal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eForecast\u003c\/strong\u003e owner draw from profitable volume.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"timeline\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"step-circle step1\"\u003e1\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #126CFF;\"\u003eGross Profit Per Car Sold\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design_timeline\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"right-row2\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGross Profit Per Car\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGross profit per car sold\u003c\/strong\u003e is the money left after acquisition price, trade allowance, reconditioning, prep, discounts, and incentives. The Year 1 mix gives a \u003cstrong\u003e$32,600\u003c\/strong\u003e weighted selling price from \u003cstrong\u003e60%\u003c\/strong\u003e new, \u003cstrong\u003e30%\u003c\/strong\u003e certified pre-owned (CPO), and \u003cstrong\u003e10%\u003c\/strong\u003e finance and insurance, but that is revenue, not profit. \u003cstrong\u003eFront-end gross\u003c\/strong\u003e means vehicle profit before finance and insurance, and it must be entered separately because vehicle cost is not supplied.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"left-row2\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"tips-box\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eProtect Front-End Gross\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeasure gross on every deal sheet. Price is not profit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct_blog\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrack acquisition cost by unit.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecord trade allowance and recon.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeparate prep, incentives, and discounts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReview margin by new and CPO.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt \u003cstrong\u003e45 units per month\u003c\/strong\u003e, a \u003cstrong\u003e$1,000\u003c\/strong\u003e swing in front-end gross changes monthly gross by \u003cstrong\u003e$45,000\u003c\/strong\u003e. That gap can fund owner pay or disappear into weak pricing. If discounts and reconditioning run high, income falls even when the sales board looks strong.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"timeline\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"step-circle step2\"\u003e2\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #126CFF;\"\u003eFinance And Insurance Income\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design_timeline\"\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"left-row3\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3\u003eFinance And Insurance Income\u003c\/h3\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFinance and insurance income\u003c\/strong\u003e, or back-end gross, is the profit from sold add-on products beyond the car margin. In this model, product mix stays at \u003cstrong\u003e10%\u003c\/strong\u003e from Year 1 through Year 5, while price rises from \u003cstrong\u003e$2,000\u003c\/strong\u003e to \u003cstrong\u003e$2,400\u003c\/strong\u003e. That can lift owner income without more showroom traffic, but only if disclosures are clear and the sale fits the buyer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eThe risk is real: weak compliance, cancellations, or chargebacks can turn gross profit into refunds and penalties. The key inputs are penetration rate, product acceptance, lender reserve, and provider fees. The supplied fee line moves from \u003cstrong\u003e4%\u003c\/strong\u003e to \u003cstrong\u003e32%\u003c\/strong\u003e, so net cash depends on fee control as much as sale volume.\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"right-row3\"\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"tips-box\"\u003e\n      \u003ch3\u003eTrack Back-End Gross By Deal\u003c\/h3\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eMeasure income per funded deal, then split it by product, lender, and salesperson. Here’s the quick math: higher penetration and cleaner docs raise take-home profit; weak fit raises cancellations and chargebacks, which hit cash flow fast. If you can’t prove the sale was compliant, the gross is fragile.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul class=\"lst_crct_blog\"\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTrack\u003c\/strong\u003e penetration rate monthly.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWatch\u003c\/strong\u003e cancellations and chargebacks.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCompare\u003c\/strong\u003e lender reserve by deal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDocument\u003c\/strong\u003e disclosures every time.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eUse this driver to forecast owner pay only after reserve and refund risk are known. A clean process protects profit; a loose one can erase it after the deal is booked.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"timeline\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"step-circle step3\"\u003e3\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #126CFF;\"\u003eService, Parts, And Reconditioning Contribution\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design_timeline\"\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"right-row4\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3\u003eService, Parts, And Recon Gross\u003c\/h3\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eService and parts keep cash coming in when unit sales slow, and they also keep buyers in the store after the sale. The owner should watch \u003cstrong\u003eservice hours sold\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eparts gross\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003elabor rate\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003ereconditioning cost per unit\u003c\/strong\u003e because every repair dollar cuts vehicle margin before overhead. Franchise and independent dealerships can have very different shop economics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eHere’s the quick math: the supplied model shows reconditioning at \u003cstrong\u003e3%\u003c\/strong\u003e in Year 1 and \u003cstrong\u003e22%\u003c\/strong\u003e in Year 5, with prep and logistics at \u003cstrong\u003e2%\u003c\/strong\u003e to \u003cstrong\u003e16%\u003c\/strong\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003eUnderpriced labor\u003c\/strong\u003e or slow bay turns can hide losses, so tighter recon control protects gross and makes owner pay less volatile.\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"left-row4\"\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"tips-box\"\u003e\n      \u003ch3\u003eTrack Recon Per Unit\u003c\/h3\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eSet a recon target per car, then compare it to actual spend every week. Split the file into \u003cstrong\u003eparts\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003elabor\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eprep\/logistics\u003c\/strong\u003e, and flag any unit that misses budget. The key inputs are simple: cars sold, service hours sold, labor rate, bay turns, and parts gross.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul class=\"lst_crct_blog\"\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecon cost per unit\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBay turns\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLabor rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParts gross\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eIf service pricing is below true labor cost, raise it before the shortfall shows up in the owner draw. Better recon control lifts vehicle margin and also builds customer trust, because the car leaves cleaner, safer, and less likely to come back with avoidable issues.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"timeline\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"step-circle step4\"\u003e4\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #126CFF;\"\u003eOperating Overhead\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design_timeline\"\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"left-row5\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3\u003eOperating Overhead\u003c\/h3\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverhead is the cost of keeping the dealership open before owner pay.\u003c\/strong\u003e Year 1 fixed expense is \u003cstrong\u003e$251k per month\u003c\/strong\u003e, and payroll is about \u003cstrong\u003e$492k per month\u003c\/strong\u003e, so the base run rate is roughly \u003cstrong\u003e$743k per month\u003c\/strong\u003e before marketing. Add marketing at \u003cstrong\u003e7% of revenue\u003c\/strong\u003e in Year 1, and weak unit volume can wipe out gross profit fast.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eHere’s the quick math: every deal must cover staff, lease, systems, utilities, insurance, and ads before the owner sees cash. If staff is added before unit volume supports it, overhead grows faster than gross profit, and owner draw gets squeezed even when sales look busy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"right-row5\"\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"tips-box\"\u003e\n      \u003ch3\u003eControl Overhead Against Volume\u003c\/h3\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eTrack \u003cstrong\u003emonthly units sold\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003epayroll per unit\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003emarketing as a % of revenue\u003c\/strong\u003e. Also watch the fixed items that are already in\nthe model: \u003cstrong\u003e$15k lease\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003e$3k systems\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003e$25k utilities\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003e$18k insurance\u003c\/strong\u003e. If overhead grows faster than unit count, the business funds labor instead of owner income.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eUse hiring triggers tied to volume, not hope. Keep staffing aligned with actual gross profit, and test whether each added role raises closed units, service retention, or finance and insurance income enough to pay for itself. \u003cstrong\u003eOne extra hire should earn its keep fast.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"timeline\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"step-circle step5\"\u003e5\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #126CFF;\"\u003eInventory Financing, Reserves, And Working Capital\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design_timeline\"\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"right-row6\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3\u003eInventory Financing\u003c\/h3\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFloorplan financing\u003c\/strong\u003e is borrowed money used to hold vehicles before sale, so it affects owner pay before a single retail gross is counted. Take-home should come only after \u003cstrong\u003efloorplan interest\u003c\/strong\u003e, debt service, taxes, reserves, and reinvestment, because inventory is cash sitting on the lot until it turns.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eThe model cannot size distributions without \u003cstrong\u003efloorplan rates\u003c\/strong\u003e, debt payments, and reserve targets. \u003cstrong\u003eAging inventory\u003c\/strong\u003e raises holding cost and traps cash, so slower turns usually mean less free cash for the owner and more volatility in draw.\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"left-row6\"\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"tips-box\"\u003e\n      \u003ch3\u003eTrack Turns Before Owner Draws\u003c\/h3\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eUse \u003cstrong\u003edays-to-turn\u003c\/strong\u003e, floorplan interest, and aged-unit count as the core controls. If a unit sits longer, carrying cost rises and working capital tightens, which makes owner draws less reliable. Faster turns free cash faster, while weak turns can make a profitable month look cash-poor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eBuild the model with these inputs before showing profit distribution:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul class=\"lst_crct_blog\"\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFloorplan rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDebt service\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReserve percentage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAged inventory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinvestment need\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOne clean rule: \u003cstrong\u003eno reserve, no safe draw\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"timeline\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"step-circle step6\"\u003e6\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #126CFF;\"\u003eCompare lean, base, and high dealership owner income scenarios\n\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"fml-scenario-table\" aria-label=\"Car Dealership Owner Income Scenarios\" data-site-name=\"Financial Models Lab\" data-site-url=\"https:\/\/financialmodelslab.com\" data-source-title=\"Car Dealership Owner Income Scenarios\" data-note-label=\"Planning note\" data-note-text=\"Scenario ranges are researched planning assumptions, not guaranteed earnings, salary promises, tax advice, or distributions.\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"fml-scenario-table-card\"\u003e\n\u003cheader class=\"fml-scenario-table-header\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"fml-scenario-table-eyebrow\"\u003eOwner income scenarios\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"fml-scenario-table-description\"\u003eVisitor flow, close rates, vehicle mix, and fixed payroll move owner income fast. The table shows how lean, base, and strong operating setups change take-home.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-scenario-table-actions\"\u003e\u003cbutton class=\"fml-scenario-table-export\" type=\"button\" data-scenario-export\u003eEXPORT XLSX\u003c\/button\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/header\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"fml-scenario-table-wrap\"\u003e\u003ctable class=\"fml-scenario-table-grid\"\u003e\n\u003ccaption\u003eLow, base, and high owner-income cases for a car dealership.\u003c\/caption\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"fml-scenario-table-stub\" scope=\"col\" data-export-value=\"Scenario\"\u003eScenario\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"fml-scenario-table-column\" scope=\"col\" data-export-value=\"Low Case\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-column-title\"\u003eLow Case\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-badge is-soft\"\u003eLow case\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"fml-scenario-table-column\" scope=\"col\" data-export-value=\"Base Case\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-column-title\"\u003eBase Case\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-badge is-soft\"\u003eBase case\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"fml-scenario-table-column\" scope=\"col\" data-export-value=\"High Case\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-column-title\"\u003eHigh Case\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-badge is-warning\"\u003eHigh case\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr data-scenario-row\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"fml-scenario-row-heading\" scope=\"row\" data-export-value=\"Launch model\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-row-heading-inner\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-row-icon is-launch\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"fml-scenario-row-icon-img\" src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/scenario-launch-model.svg\" alt=\"Launch model icon\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-row-title\"\u003eLaunch model\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd data-export-value=\"This is the downside case with weaker close rates, smaller gross, and tighter F\u0026amp;I sales.\"\u003eThis is the downside case with weaker close rates, smaller gross, and tighter F\u0026amp;I sales.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-export-value=\"This is the Year 1 model case with steady traffic, a 4% visitor-to-buyer rate, and the Year 1 sales mix.\"\u003eThis is the Year 1 model case with steady traffic, a 4% visitor-to-buyer rate, and the Year 1 sales mix.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-export-value=\"This is the scale case with Year 5 traffic, an 8% visitor-to-buyer rate, and stronger mix.\"\u003eThis is the scale case with Year 5 traffic, an 8% visitor-to-buyer rate, and stronger mix.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-scenario-row\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"fml-scenario-row-heading\" scope=\"row\" data-export-value=\"Typical setup\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-row-heading-inner\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-row-icon is-setup\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"fml-scenario-row-icon-img\" src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/scenario-typical-setup.svg\" alt=\"Typical setup icon\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-row-title\"\u003eTypical setup\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd data-export-value=\"Traffic converts below plan, marketing and reconditioning run hotter, the sales mix is softer, and reserves stay larger.\"\u003eTraffic converts below plan, marketing and reconditioning run hotter, the sales mix is softer, and reserves stay larger.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-export-value=\"About 45 units a month at a $32,600 weighted selling price gives about $1.47M in monthly revenue, with 16% modeled variable costs and about $891k in annual fixed pay and overhead before inventory cost and floorplan.\"\u003eAbout 45 units a month at a $32,600 weighted selling price gives about $1.47M in monthly revenue, with 16% modeled variable costs and about $891k in annual fixed pay and overhead before inventory cost and floorplan.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-export-value=\"About 179 units a month at a $35,040 weighted selling price gives about $6.27M in monthly revenue, with 12% modeled variable costs and a larger operating team.\"\u003eAbout 179 units a month at a $35,040 weighted selling price gives about $6.27M in monthly revenue, with 12% modeled variable costs and a larger operating team.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-scenario-row\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"fml-scenario-row-heading\" scope=\"row\" data-export-value=\"Cost drivers\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-row-heading-inner\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-row-icon is-drivers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"fml-scenario-row-icon-img\" src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/scenario-cost-drivers.svg\" alt=\"Cost drivers icon\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-row-title\"\u003eCost drivers\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd data-export-value=\"lower conversion; lower gross per unit; higher marketing; higher reconditioning; tighter F\u0026amp;I penetration\"\u003e\u003cul class=\"fml-scenario-list\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003elower conversion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003elower gross per unit\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ehigher marketing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ehigher reconditioning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003etighter F\u0026amp;I penetration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-export-value=\"4% conversion; $32,600 weighted price; 60% new mix; 16% variable costs; $891k annual fixed overhead\"\u003e\u003cul class=\"fml-scenario-list\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4% conversion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e$32,600 weighted price\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e60% new mix\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e16% variable costs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e$891k annual fixed overhead\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-export-value=\"8% conversion; 179 units per month; $35,040 weighted price; 12% variable costs; Year 5 scale\"\u003e\u003cul class=\"fml-scenario-list\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8% conversion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e179 units per month\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e$35,040 weighted price\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e12% variable costs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYear 5 scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-scenario-row\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"fml-scenario-row-heading\" scope=\"row\" data-export-value=\"Owner income range\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-row-heading-inner\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-row-icon is-range\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"fml-scenario-row-icon-img\" src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/scenario-planning-range.svg\" alt=\"Owner income range icon\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-row-title\"\u003eOwner income range\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-row-subtitle\"\u003eBefore owner reserves\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd data-export-value=\"Thin or negative take-home\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong class=\"fml-scenario-range\"\u003eThin or negative take-home\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-badge is-soft\"\u003eLow case\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-export-value=\"Moderate take-home, debt-dependent\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong class=\"fml-scenario-range\"\u003eModerate take-home, debt-dependent\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-badge is-soft\"\u003eBase case\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-export-value=\"Strong take-home at scale\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong class=\"fml-scenario-range\"\u003eStrong take-home at scale\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-badge is-warning\"\u003eHigh case\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-scenario-row\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"fml-scenario-row-heading\" scope=\"row\" data-export-value=\"Best fit\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-row-heading-inner\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-row-icon is-fit\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"fml-scenario-row-icon-img\" src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/scenario-best-fit.svg\" alt=\"Best fit icon\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-row-title\"\u003eBest fit\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd data-export-value=\"Use this to stress test a slow launch, softer demand, or heavier ad spend.\"\u003eUse this to stress test a slow launch, softer demand, or heavier ad spend.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-export-value=\"Use this as the working model for planning, hiring, and cash needs.\"\u003eUse this as the working model for planning, hiring, and cash needs.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-export-value=\"Use this to test upside if traffic, mix, and close rates all improve.\"\u003eUse this to test upside if traffic, mix, and close rates all improve.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fml-scenario-table-note\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"fml-scenario-table-note-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e!\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlanning note:\u003c\/strong\u003e Scenario ranges are researched planning assumptions, not guaranteed earnings, salary promises, tax advice, or distributions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e","brand":"FinancialModelsLab","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49303467589875,"sku":"car-dealership-owner-makes","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0522\/6191\/2762\/files\/car-dealership-owner-makes.webp?v=1782677986","url":"https:\/\/financialmodelslab.com\/products\/car-dealership-owner-makes","provider":"Financial Models Lab","version":"1.0","type":"link"}