{"product_id":"profitability-index","title":"Profitability Index Calculator","description":"\u003cstyle\u003e\n.pidx-calculator {\n  --ink: #0f172a;\n  --muted: #475569;\n  --border: #e2e8f0;\n  --surface: #ffffff;\n  --tint: #f8fafc;\n  --primary: #1d4ed8;\n  --accent: #c2410c;\n  --accent-hover: #9a3412;\n  --chart-1: #1e40af;\n  --chart-2: #0d9488;\n  --chart-3: #7c3aed;\n  --chart-4: #be185d;\n  --chart-5: #334155;\n  container-type: inline-size;\n  color: var(--ink);\n  font-family: Inter, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Segoe UI\", sans-serif;\n  font-size: 15px;\n  line-height: 1.55;\n  max-width: 1200px;\n  margin: 0 auto;\n  padding: 24px;\n  background: var(--tint);\n  border: 1px solid var(--border);\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(15, 23, 42, .06);\n}\n.pidx-calculator,\n.pidx-calculator *,\n.pidx-calculator *::before,\n.pidx-calculator *::after {\n  box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n.pidx-calculator [hidden] {\n  display: none !important;\n}\n.pidx-calculator h2,\n.pidx-calculator h3,\n.pidx-calculator p {\n  margin-top: 0;\n}\n.pidx-calculator h2 {\n  margin-bottom: 8px;\n  font-size: 24px;\n  line-height: 1.25;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  letter-spacing: -.01em;\n}\n.pidx-calculator h3 {\n  margin-bottom: 12px;\n  font-size: 18px;\n  line-height: 1.35;\n  font-weight: 650;\n}\n.pidx-calculator a {\n  color: var(--primary);\n  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;\n  text-underline-offset: 2px;\n}\n.pidx-calculator a:hover {\n  text-decoration-thickness: 2px;\n}\n.pidx-header {\n  display: grid;\n  gap: 16px;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin-bottom: 16px;\n}\n.pidx-subtitle {\n  max-width: 760px;\n  margin-bottom: 0;\n  color: var(--muted);\n}\n.pidx-pills {\n  display: flex;\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\n  gap: 8px;\n  min-width: 0;\n}\n.pidx-pill {\n  display: inline-flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  gap: 8px;\n  min-width: 0;\n  padding: 6px 10px;\n  color: var(--muted);\n  background: var(--surface);\n  border: 1px solid var(--border);\n  border-radius: 999px;\n  font-size: 13px;\n  font-weight: 500;\n}\n.pidx-pill strong {\n  color: var(--ink);\n  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;\n}\n.pidx-toolbar {\n  display: flex;\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\n  align-items: center;\n  gap: 8px;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin-bottom: 16px;\n}\n.pidx-button {\n  min-width: 0;\n  min-height: 44px;\n  padding: 11px 16px;\n  border: 1px solid var(--border);\n  border-radius: 6px;\n  background: var(--surface);\n  color: var(--ink);\n  font: inherit;\n  font-weight: 650;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(15, 23, 42, .06);\n  transition: background-color .15s ease, border-color .15s ease, box-shadow .15s ease, transform .15s ease;\n}\n.pidx-button:hover {\n  border-color: #cbd5e1;\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(15, 23, 42, .10);\n}\n.pidx-button:active {\n  transform: translateY(1px);\n}\n.pidx-button:focus-visible,\n.pidx-calculator input:focus-visible,\n.pidx-calculator select:focus-visible,\n.pidx-calculator summary:focus-visible {\n  outline: 3px solid rgba(29, 78, 216, .35);\n  outline-offset: 2px;\n}\n.pidx-download {\n  display: inline-flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  gap: 10px;\n  padding: 12px 18px;\n  white-space: nowrap;\n  color: #ffffff;\n  background: var(--accent);\n  border-color: var(--accent);\n}\n.pidx-download:hover {\n  color: #ffffff;\n  background: var(--accent-hover);\n  border-color: var(--accent-hover);\n}\n.pidx-icon {\n  width: 18px;\n  height: 18px;\n  flex: 0 0 auto;\n}\n.pidx-workspace {\n  display: grid;\n  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);\n  gap: 16px;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin-bottom: 16px;\n}\n.pidx-panel,\n.pidx-section {\n  min-width: 0;\n  padding: 20px;\n  background: var(--surface);\n  border: 1px solid var(--border);\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(15, 23, 42, .06);\n}\n.pidx-panel-heading {\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: flex-start;\n  justify-content: flex-start;\n  gap: 12px;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin-bottom: 16px;\n}\n.pidx-panel-heading p {\n  margin-bottom: 0;\n  color: var(--muted);\n  font-size: 13px;\n  font-weight: 500;\n}\n.pidx-form-grid {\n  display: grid;\n  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);\n  gap: 16px;\n  min-width: 0;\n}\n.pidx-field {\n  display: grid;\n  align-content: start;\n  gap: 6px;\n  min-width: 0;\n}\n.pidx-field label,\n.pidx-fieldset legend {\n  color: var(--ink);\n  font-size: 14px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n}\n.pidx-field small,\n.pidx-helper {\n  min-height: 20px;\n  color: var(--muted);\n  font-size: 13px;\n  font-weight: 500;\n  line-height: 1.45;\n}\n.pidx-control {\n  position: relative;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  min-width: 0;\n}\n.pidx-control input,\n.pidx-control select,\n.pidx-select {\n  width: 100%;\n  min-width: 0;\n  min-height: 44px;\n  padding: 10px 12px;\n  border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\n  border-radius: 6px;\n  background: #ffffff;\n  color: var(--ink);\n  font: inherit;\n  font-size: 15px;\n  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;\n}\n.pidx-control input[aria-invalid=\"true\"],\n.pidx-control select[aria-invalid=\"true\"] {\n  border-color: #b91c1c;\n}\n.pidx-control-prefix,\n.pidx-control-suffix {\n  position: absolute;\n  z-index: 1;\n  color: var(--muted);\n  font-size: 15px;\n  pointer-events: none;\n}\n.pidx-control-prefix {\n  left: 12px;\n}\n.pidx-control-suffix {\n  right: 12px;\n}\n.pidx-has-prefix input {\n  padding-left: 28px;\n}\n.pidx-has-suffix input {\n  padding-right: 34px;\n}\n.pidx-error {\n  min-height: 19px;\n  color: #991b1b;\n  font-size: 13px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n}\n.pidx-method-note {\n  padding: 10px 12px;\n  background: var(--tint);\n  border: 1px solid var(--border);\n  border-radius: 6px;\n  color: var(--muted);\n  font-size: 13px;\n}\n.pidx-cashflow-area {\n  display: grid;\n  gap: 12px;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin-top: 16px;\n  padding-top: 16px;\n  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);\n}\n.pidx-cashflow-toolbar {\n  display: flex;\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\n  align-items: center;\n  gap: 8px;\n  min-width: 0;\n}\n.pidx-cashflow-toolbar strong {\n  margin-right: 4px;\n  font-size: 14px;\n}\n.pidx-add-row {\n  min-height: 38px;\n  padding: 8px 12px;\n  color: var(--primary);\n  border-color: #bfdbfe;\n  background: #eff6ff;\n}\n.pidx-flow-rows {\n  display: grid;\n  gap: 8px;\n  min-width: 0;\n}\n.pidx-flow-row {\n  display: grid;\n  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;\n  align-items: end;\n  gap: 8px;\n  min-width: 0;\n}\n.pidx-flow-row .pidx-field {\n  min-width: 0;\n}\n.pidx-remove-row {\n  min-width: 44px;\n  min-height: 44px;\n  padding: 8px 10px;\n  color: #991b1b;\n  background: #fff7f7;\n  border-color: #fecaca;\n}\n.pidx-results {\n  display: grid;\n  gap: 16px;\n  min-width: 0;\n}\n.pidx-primary-result {\n  padding: 20px;\n  background: #eff6ff;\n  border: 1px solid #bfdbfe;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n}\n.pidx-result-label {\n  margin-bottom: 4px;\n  color: var(--muted);\n  font-size: 13px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n}\n.pidx-result-value {\n  margin-bottom: 4px;\n  color: var(--ink);\n  font-size: 30px;\n  line-height: 1.15;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n}\n.pidx-result-status {\n  margin-bottom: 0;\n  color: var(--muted);\n  font-size: 13px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n}\n.pidx-result-grid {\n  display: grid;\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\n  gap: 12px;\n  min-width: 0;\n}\n.pidx-result-card {\n  min-width: 0;\n  padding: 14px;\n  background: var(--surface);\n  border: 1px solid var(--border);\n  border-radius: 8px;\n}\n.pidx-card-label {\n  margin-bottom: 4px;\n  color: var(--muted);\n  font-size: 13px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n}\n.pidx-card-value {\n  color: var(--ink);\n  font-size: 20px;\n  line-height: 1.25;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n}\n.pidx-interpretation {\n  padding: 12px;\n  background: var(--tint);\n  border: 1px solid var(--border);\n  border-radius: 6px;\n  color: var(--muted);\n  font-size: 13px;\n  font-weight: 500;\n}\n.pidx-section {\n  margin-bottom: 16px;\n}\n.pidx-section-header {\n  display: grid;\n  gap: 4px;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin-bottom: 16px;\n}\n.pidx-section-header p {\n  margin-bottom: 0;\n  color: var(--muted);\n  font-size: 13px;\n}\n.pidx-chart-card {\n  display: grid;\n  gap: 16px;\n  min-width: 0;\n}\n.pidx-chart-visual {\n  display: grid;\n  place-items: center;\n  min-width: 0;\n}\n.pidx-chart-svg {\n  display: block;\n  width: 100%;\n  max-width: 720px;\n  height: auto;\n  overflow: visible;\n}\n.pidx-chart-empty {\n  width: 100%;\n  max-width: 560px;\n  padding: 16px;\n  color: var(--muted);\n  background: var(--tint);\n  border: 1px dashed #cbd5e1;\n  border-radius: 6px;\n  text-align: center;\n  font-size: 13px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n}\n.pidx-chart-legend {\n  display: grid;\n  gap: 8px;\n  width: fit-content;\n  max-width: 100%;\n  margin: 0 auto;\n}\n.pidx-legend-row {\n  display: grid;\n  grid-template-columns: 12px minmax(0, auto) minmax(0, auto) minmax(0, auto);\n  align-items: center;\n  gap: 8px 12px;\n  min-width: 0;\n  color: var(--muted);\n  font-size: 13px;\n  font-weight: 500;\n}\n.pidx-legend-swatch {\n  width: 12px;\n  height: 12px;\n  border-radius: 3px;\n}\n.pidx-legend-label {\n  color: var(--ink);\n}\n.pidx-legend-value,\n.pidx-legend-share {\n  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;\n  white-space: nowrap;\n}\n.pidx-chart-caption {\n  margin-top: 16px;\n  padding: 10px 12px;\n  color: var(--muted);\n  background: var(--tint);\n  border: 1px solid var(--border);\n  border-radius: 6px;\n  font-size: 13px;\n  font-weight: 500;\n}\n.pidx-safe-stack {\n  gap: 20px;\n}\n.pidx-safe-stack .pidx-chart-caption {\n  margin-top: 20px;\n}\n.pidx-table-wrap {\n  width: 100%;\n  max-width: 100%;\n  overflow-x: auto;\n  border: 1px solid var(--border);\n  border-radius: 6px;\n}\n.pidx-table {\n  width: 100%;\n  min-width: 560px;\n  border-collapse: collapse;\n  font-size: 14px;\n}\n.pidx-table th,\n.pidx-table td {\n  padding: 10px 12px;\n  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);\n  text-align: left;\n  vertical-align: middle;\n}\n.pidx-table th {\n  color: #ffffff;\n  background: #172554;\n  font-size: 13px;\n  font-weight: 700;\n}\n.pidx-table td {\n  color: var(--ink);\n  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;\n}\n.pidx-table td.pidx-number,\n.pidx-table th.pidx-number {\n  text-align: right;\n}\n.pidx-table tbody tr:last-child td {\n  border-bottom: 0;\n}\n.pidx-table tbody tr:hover td {\n  background: #f8fafc;\n}\n.pidx-table-note {\n  margin-top: 16px;\n  padding: 10px 12px;\n  color: var(--muted);\n  background: var(--tint);\n  border: 1px solid var(--border);\n  border-radius: 6px;\n  font-size: 13px;\n  font-weight: 500;\n}\n.pidx-safe-table-stack .pidx-table-note {\n  margin-top: 20px;\n}\n.pidx-schedule-section[hidden],\n.pidx-cashflow-area[hidden] {\n  display: none;\n}\n.pidx-education {\n  min-width: 0;\n  padding: 24px;\n  background: var(--surface);\n  border: 1px solid var(--border);\n  border-radius: 8px;\n}\n.pidx-education h2 {\n  margin-top: 28px;\n}\n.pidx-education h2:first-child {\n  margin-top: 0;\n}\n.pidx-education h3 {\n  margin-top: 22px;\n}\n.pidx-education p,\n.pidx-education li {\n  color: #334155;\n}\n.pidx-education ul {\n  margin: 0 0 16px;\n  padding-left: 22px;\n}\n.pidx-formula {\n  padding: 14px;\n  background: var(--tint);\n  border-left: 4px solid var(--primary);\n  border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;\n  color: var(--ink);\n  font-weight: 650;\n  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;\n}\n.pidx-disclaimer {\n  margin-bottom: 0;\n  padding-top: 16px;\n  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);\n  color: var(--muted);\n  font-size: 13px;\n}\n.pidx-screen-reader {\n  position: absolute;\n  width: 1px;\n  height: 1px;\n  padding: 0;\n  margin: -1px;\n  overflow: hidden;\n  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);\n  white-space: nowrap;\n  border: 0;\n}\n@container (min-width: 640px) {\n  .pidx-form-grid {\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\n  }\n  .pidx-method-field,\n  .pidx-method-note,\n  .pidx-cashflow-area {\n    grid-column: 1 \/ -1;\n  }\n  .pidx-result-grid {\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\n  }\n}\n@container (min-width: 900px) {\n  .pidx-workspace {\n    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.08fr) minmax(0, .92fr);\n    align-items: start;\n  }\n}\n@container (max-width: 639px) {\n  .pidx-calculator {\n    padding: 16px;\n  }\n  .pidx-panel,\n  .pidx-section,\n  .pidx-education {\n    padding: 16px;\n  }\n  .pidx-result-grid {\n    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);\n  }\n  .pidx-toolbar .pidx-button {\n    flex: 1 1 auto;\n  }\n  .pidx-download {\n    justify-content: center;\n  }\n  .pidx-legend-row {\n    grid-template-columns: 12px minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, auto);\n  }\n  .pidx-legend-share {\n    grid-column: 2 \/ -1;\n  }\n}\n@container (max-width: 359px) {\n  .pidx-calculator {\n    padding: 12px;\n  }\n  .pidx-panel,\n  .pidx-section,\n  .pidx-education {\n    padding: 12px;\n  }\n  .pidx-pill {\n    width: 100%;\n  }\n  .pidx-toolbar {\n    align-items: stretch;\n  }\n  .pidx-toolbar .pidx-button {\n    width: 100%;\n  }\n}\n\u003c\/style\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pidx-calculator\" data-calculator-root\u003e\n  \u003cheader class=\"pidx-header\"\u003e\n    \u003cdiv\u003e\n      \u003ch2\u003eProfitability Index Calculator\u003c\/h2\u003e\n      \u003cp class=\"pidx-subtitle\"\u003eCompare the present value of future project cash flows with the capital required today, or discount a year-by-year cash flow forecast automatically.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-pills\" aria-label=\"Live project summary\"\u003e\n      \u003cspan class=\"pidx-pill\"\u003ePI \u003cstrong class=\"pidx-pill-pi\"\u003e1.60\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n      \u003cspan class=\"pidx-pill\"\u003eNPV \u003cstrong class=\"pidx-pill-npv\"\u003e$300,000.00\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n      \u003cspan class=\"pidx-pill\"\u003eStatus \u003cstrong class=\"pidx-pill-status\"\u003eValue-creating\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/header\u003e\n\n  \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-toolbar\" aria-label=\"Calculator actions\"\u003e\n    \u003cbutton class=\"pidx-button pidx-download\" type=\"button\"\u003e\n      \u003csvg class=\"pidx-icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"\u003e\n        \u003cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M11 3h2v10.17l3.59-3.58L18 11l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41L11 13.17V3Zm-6 16h14v2H5v-2Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\n      \u003c\/svg\u003e\n      \u003cspan\u003eDownload Excel\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003c\/button\u003e\n    \u003cbutton class=\"pidx-button pidx-reset\" type=\"button\"\u003eReset\u003c\/button\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n  \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-workspace\"\u003e\n    \u003csection class=\"pidx-panel pidx-inputs-panel\" aria-labelledby=\"pidx-inputs-heading\"\u003e\n      \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-panel-heading\"\u003e\n        \u003cdiv\u003e\n          \u003ch3 id=\"pidx-inputs-heading\"\u003eProject assumptions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n          \u003cp\u003eChoose whether present value is already known or should be calculated from annual cash flows.\u003c\/p\u003e\n        \u003c\/div\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-form-grid\"\u003e\n        \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-field pidx-method-field\"\u003e\n          \u003clabel for=\"pidx-method\"\u003eCalculation method\u003c\/label\u003e\n          \u003cselect class=\"pidx-select\" id=\"pidx-method\" aria-describedby=\"pidx-method-help\"\u003e\n            \u003coption value=\"known\"\u003ePV of future cash flows is known\u003c\/option\u003e\n            \u003coption value=\"flows\"\u003eDiscount annual cash flows\u003c\/option\u003e\n          \u003c\/select\u003e\n          \u003csmall id=\"pidx-method-help\"\u003eUse annual cash flows when you have a forecast but not a present value total.\u003c\/small\u003e\n        \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n        \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-field\"\u003e\n          \u003clabel for=\"pidx-initial-investment\"\u003eInitial investment\u003c\/label\u003e\n          \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-control pidx-has-prefix\"\u003e\n            \u003cspan class=\"pidx-control-prefix\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e$\u003c\/span\u003e\n            \u003cinput id=\"pidx-initial-investment\" class=\"pidx-numeric-input pidx-currency-input\" type=\"text\" inputmode=\"decimal\" value=\"500,000.00\" aria-describedby=\"pidx-initial-help pidx-initial-error\"\u003e\n          \u003c\/div\u003e\n          \u003csmall id=\"pidx-initial-help\"\u003eCapital paid at the start of the project.\u003c\/small\u003e\n          \u003cspan class=\"pidx-error\" id=\"pidx-initial-error\" aria-live=\"polite\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n        \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n        \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-field pidx-known-field\"\u003e\n          \u003clabel for=\"pidx-known-pv\"\u003ePV of future cash flows\u003c\/label\u003e\n          \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-control pidx-has-prefix\"\u003e\n            \u003cspan class=\"pidx-control-prefix\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e$\u003c\/span\u003e\n            \u003cinput id=\"pidx-known-pv\" class=\"pidx-numeric-input pidx-currency-input\" type=\"text\" inputmode=\"decimal\" value=\"800,000.00\" aria-describedby=\"pidx-known-pv-help pidx-known-pv-error\"\u003e\n          \u003c\/div\u003e\n          \u003csmall id=\"pidx-known-pv-help\"\u003eThe discounted value today of expected future net cash flows.\u003c\/small\u003e\n          \u003cspan class=\"pidx-error\" id=\"pidx-known-pv-error\" aria-live=\"polite\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n        \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n        \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-field pidx-flow-field\" hidden\u003e\n          \u003clabel for=\"pidx-discount-rate\"\u003eDiscount rate\u003c\/label\u003e\n          \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-control pidx-has-suffix\"\u003e\n            \u003cinput id=\"pidx-discount-rate\" class=\"pidx-numeric-input pidx-percent-input\" type=\"text\" inputmode=\"decimal\" value=\"10.00\" aria-describedby=\"pidx-rate-help pidx-rate-error\"\u003e\n            \u003cspan class=\"pidx-control-suffix\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e%\u003c\/span\u003e\n          \u003c\/div\u003e\n          \u003csmall id=\"pidx-rate-help\"\u003eAnnual required return or project hurdle rate.\u003c\/small\u003e\n          \u003cspan class=\"pidx-error\" id=\"pidx-rate-error\" aria-live=\"polite\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n        \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n        \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-field pidx-flow-field\" hidden\u003e\n          \u003clabel for=\"pidx-project-life\"\u003eProject life\u003c\/label\u003e\n          \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-control pidx-has-suffix\"\u003e\n            \u003cinput id=\"pidx-project-life\" class=\"pidx-numeric-input pidx-integer-input\" type=\"text\" inputmode=\"numeric\" value=\"5\" aria-describedby=\"pidx-life-help pidx-life-error\"\u003e\n            \u003cspan class=\"pidx-control-suffix\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003eyears\u003c\/span\u003e\n          \u003c\/div\u003e\n          \u003csmall id=\"pidx-life-help\"\u003eOne cash flow row is created for each forecast year.\u003c\/small\u003e\n          \u003cspan class=\"pidx-error\" id=\"pidx-life-error\" aria-live=\"polite\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n        \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n        \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-method-note\"\u003eProfitability index is the present value of future cash flows divided by the initial investment. A result above 1.00 indicates positive net present value under the assumptions entered.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n        \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-cashflow-area\" hidden\u003e\n          \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-cashflow-toolbar\"\u003e\n            \u003cstrong\u003eAnnual net cash flows\u003c\/strong\u003e\n            \u003cbutton class=\"pidx-button pidx-add-row\" type=\"button\"\u003eAdd year\u003c\/button\u003e\n          \u003c\/div\u003e\n          \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-flow-rows\" aria-label=\"Annual cash flow inputs\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n          \u003cspan class=\"pidx-error pidx-flow-error\" aria-live=\"polite\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n        \u003c\/div\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n    \u003c\/section\u003e\n\n    \u003csection class=\"pidx-panel pidx-results-panel\" aria-labelledby=\"pidx-results-heading\"\u003e\n      \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-panel-heading\"\u003e\n        \u003cdiv\u003e\n          \u003ch3 id=\"pidx-results-heading\"\u003eLive results\u003c\/h3\u003e\n          \u003cp\u003eAll outputs update as assumptions change.\u003c\/p\u003e\n        \u003c\/div\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-results\"\u003e\n        \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-primary-result\"\u003e\n          \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-result-label\"\u003eProfitability index\u003c\/div\u003e\n          \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-result-value pidx-primary-value\"\u003e1.60\u003c\/div\u003e\n          \u003cp class=\"pidx-result-status pidx-primary-status\"\u003eValue-creating: projected benefits exceed the initial investment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n        \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n        \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-result-grid\"\u003e\n          \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-result-card\"\u003e\n            \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-card-label\"\u003ePresent value\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-card-value pidx-pv-value\"\u003e$800,000.00\u003c\/div\u003e\n          \u003c\/div\u003e\n          \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-result-card\"\u003e\n            \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-card-label\"\u003eNet present value\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-card-value pidx-npv-value\"\u003e$300,000.00\u003c\/div\u003e\n          \u003c\/div\u003e\n          \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-result-card\"\u003e\n            \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-card-label\"\u003eValue per $1 invested\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-card-value pidx-dollar-value\"\u003e$1.60\u003c\/div\u003e\n          \u003c\/div\u003e\n          \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-result-card\"\u003e\n            \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-card-label\"\u003eBreak-even spread\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-card-value pidx-spread-value\"\u003e50.00%\u003c\/div\u003e\n          \u003c\/div\u003e\n          \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-result-card\"\u003e\n            \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-card-label\"\u003eInitial investment\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-card-value pidx-investment-value\"\u003e$500,000.00\u003c\/div\u003e\n          \u003c\/div\u003e\n          \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-result-card\"\u003e\n            \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-card-label\"\u003eForecast periods\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-card-value pidx-period-value\"\u003eKnown PV\u003c\/div\u003e\n          \u003c\/div\u003e\n        \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n        \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-interpretation pidx-interpretation-text\"\u003eThe project produces $0.60 of discounted value above the break-even amount for each $1.00 invested.\u003c\/div\u003e\n        \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-screen-reader pidx-live-summary\" aria-live=\"polite\"\u003eProfitability index 1.60. Net present value $300,000.00. Value-creating.\u003c\/div\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n    \u003c\/section\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n  \u003csection class=\"pidx-section pidx-breakdown-section\" aria-labelledby=\"pidx-breakdown-heading\"\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-section-header\"\u003e\n      \u003ch3 id=\"pidx-breakdown-heading\"\u003eCapital comparison\u003c\/h3\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eCompare the upfront capital requirement with the present value of expected future cash flows.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-chart-card\"\u003e\n      \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-chart-visual\" aria-label=\"Capital comparison chart\"\u003e\n        \u003csvg class=\"pidx-chart-svg\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"pidx-chart-title pidx-chart-desc\"\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\n        \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-chart-empty\" hidden\u003eEnter an initial investment and present value to see the comparison.\u003c\/div\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n      \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-chart-legend\" aria-label=\"Chart legend\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n      \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-chart-caption\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n      \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-screen-reader pidx-chart-summary\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/section\u003e\n\n  \u003csection class=\"pidx-section pidx-details-section\" aria-labelledby=\"pidx-details-heading\"\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-section-header\"\u003e\n      \u003ch3 id=\"pidx-details-heading\"\u003eCalculation details\u003c\/h3\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe table cross-checks each headline result using the same current-state model.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-table-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003ctable class=\"pidx-table pidx-details-table\"\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth scope=\"col\"\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"pidx-number\"\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth scope=\"col\"\u003eInterpretation\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-table-note\"\u003eThe profitability index is a relative capital-efficiency measure. Review net present value and project-specific risks alongside the ratio before making a decision.\u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/section\u003e\n\n  \u003csection class=\"pidx-section pidx-schedule-section\" aria-labelledby=\"pidx-schedule-heading\" hidden\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-section-header\"\u003e\n      \u003ch3 id=\"pidx-schedule-heading\"\u003eDiscounted cash flow schedule\u003c\/h3\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eEach annual cash flow is discounted to today and accumulated into total present value.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-table-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003ctable class=\"pidx-table pidx-schedule-table\"\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth scope=\"col\"\u003eYear\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"pidx-number\"\u003eCash flow\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"pidx-number\"\u003eDiscount factor\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"pidx-number\"\u003ePresent value\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"pidx-number\"\u003eCumulative PV\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-table-note\"\u003eCash flows occur at the end of each year. Negative future cash flows are allowed and reduce present value.\u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/section\u003e\n\n  \u003csection class=\"pidx-education\"\u003e\n    \u003ch2\u003eWhat does the profitability index estimate?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eThe profitability index, often abbreviated PI, measures how much discounted future value a project is expected to produce for each dollar invested today. It is a capital-budgeting ratio rather than a profit percentage. A PI of 1.20 means the present value of expected future net cash flows equals $1.20 for every $1.00 of initial investment. The same assumptions imply a positive net present value because the discounted inflows exceed the upfront cost.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eThe calculator supports two workflows. Choose \u003cstrong\u003ePV of future cash flows is known\u003c\/strong\u003e when another model has already produced a present value total. Choose \u003cstrong\u003eDiscount annual cash flows\u003c\/strong\u003e when you have a year-by-year forecast and want the calculator to apply a discount rate. For a broader explanation of the ratio, see Investopedia’s overview of the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/p\/profitability.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eprofitability index\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n    \u003ch3\u003eHow should each input be used?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInitial investment\u003c\/strong\u003e is the capital committed at time zero. Include the cash paid to launch or acquire the project, such as equipment, installation, implementation, and initial working capital when those amounts are part of the investment decision. This field is required and must be greater than zero. A higher initial investment lowers PI when all future benefits remain unchanged. A common mistake is mixing a gross purchase price with cash flows that already deduct financing or acquisition costs, which can double-count part of the outlay.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePV of future cash flows\u003c\/strong\u003e is used only in the known-PV method. Enter the discounted value today of all expected future net cash flows. It may be positive or negative. A higher present value increases PI and NPV dollar for dollar. Do not enter an undiscounted sum here; if your forecast is still expressed as nominal annual amounts, switch to the annual cash flow method.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiscount rate\u003c\/strong\u003e is the annual rate used to convert future money into today’s value. It may reflect a project hurdle rate, weighted average cost of capital, or another risk-adjusted required return. The calculator accepts rates above -100%, although normal capital-budgeting cases use a positive rate. A higher rate usually reduces the present value of positive future cash flows because distant benefits receive less weight. Investopedia’s guides to \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/w\/wacc.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eweighted average cost of capital\u003c\/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/d\/discountrate.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ediscount rates\u003c\/a\u003e provide additional context.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProject life\u003c\/strong\u003e controls the number of annual forecast rows. Enter a whole number from 1 to 100. Each row represents a net cash flow at the end of that year. Positive amounts are expected net inflows; negative amounts can represent future maintenance, remediation, shutdown, or reinvestment costs. Use the Add year button to extend the horizon, or remove an individual year with its Remove button. Avoid using pre-tax cash flows with an after-tax discount rate, or nominal cash flows with a real discount rate, because inconsistent assumptions can distort the result.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n    \u003ch3\u003eHow are the results calculated?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"pidx-formula\"\u003eProfitability index = Present value of future cash flows ÷ Initial investment\u003c\/div\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eWhen annual cash flows are entered, each year’s present value is calculated as cash flow divided by one plus the discount rate raised to the year number. The discounted values are summed before the ratio is calculated. Net present value is the same present value total minus the initial investment. This relationship means PI can also be expressed as 1 plus NPV divided by the initial investment. For a deeper treatment of the absolute-value companion metric, review the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/n\/npv.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003enet present value\u003c\/a\u003e concept.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n    \u003ch3\u003eHow should the outputs be interpreted?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProfitability index\u003c\/strong\u003e is the primary result. Above 1.00, the model indicates positive NPV under the entered assumptions. Exactly 1.00 is the discounted break-even point. Below 1.00, the present value of benefits is less than the initial investment. Negative PI is possible when future net cash flows have a negative present value.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePresent value\u003c\/strong\u003e is the discounted total used in the numerator. \u003cstrong\u003eNet present value\u003c\/strong\u003e shows the absolute dollar value created or destroyed. \u003cstrong\u003eValue per $1 invested\u003c\/strong\u003e restates PI in dollar terms, while \u003cstrong\u003ebreak-even spread\u003c\/strong\u003e shows how far PI sits above or below 1.00 as a percentage. A spread of 20% corresponds to PI 1.20; a spread of -15% corresponds to PI 0.85. \u003cstrong\u003eForecast periods\u003c\/strong\u003e confirms whether the result comes from a known PV or a specific number of annual cash flow rows.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n    \u003ch3\u003eWhat do the chart and tables show?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eThe capital comparison chart places the initial investment beside the present value of future cash flows. When present value is higher, the project’s discounted benefit bar exceeds the capital bar; when it is lower, the opposite is true. Negative present value is drawn below the zero line. The legend and accessible summary use the exact same values as the chart.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eThe calculation details table reconciles the headline outputs. In annual cash flow mode, the schedule also lists each year’s undiscounted cash flow, discount factor, present value, and cumulative present value. The final cumulative value must equal the present value shown in the result panel. Exporting to Excel creates a current-state workbook with summary, inputs, breakdown, cash flow schedule, and methodology notes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n    \u003ch3\u003eBenefits, limitations, and common decision errors\u003c\/h3\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003ePI is particularly useful when capital is constrained because it compares value created with capital consumed. It can help rank projects of different sizes, but it should not be used alone. A small project may have a high PI and create less total value than a larger project with a slightly lower PI. Mutually exclusive projects, strategic dependencies, staged investments, liquidity constraints, taxes, financing structure, and forecast uncertainty may require a fuller model. Sensitivity testing the discount rate and key cash flow assumptions is often more informative than relying on one point estimate. University valuation datasets, such as the resources maintained by \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pages.stern.nyu.edu\/~adamodar\/New_Home_Page\/data.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eNYU Stern\u003c\/a\u003e, can help frame market-based assumptions, but project-specific inputs still require judgment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp class=\"pidx-disclaimer\"\u003eThis calculator is an educational planning tool and does not provide personalized investment, accounting, tax, or legal advice.\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"FinancialModelsLab","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49909489336563,"sku":"profitability-index","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0522\/6191\/2762\/files\/profitability-index.webp?v=1783935574","url":"https:\/\/financialmodelslab.com\/products\/profitability-index","provider":"Financial Models Lab","version":"1.0","type":"link"}