| Design Studio Rent |
Fixed |
Include $3,200/month in base overhead from Month 1 through Month 60. |
Allocating rent per project and understating losses in slow months. |
| CAD and 3D Modeling Software |
Fixed |
Include $450/month as recurring operating overhead, not tied to client count. |
Dropping software from break-even because it feels small. |
| Professional Liability Insurance |
Fixed |
Include $600/month as required monthly coverage before contribution margin. |
Treating core insurance like project-specific coverage. |
| First-Year Design Payroll |
Fixed |
Include principal designer at $95,000/year, junior designer at $55,000/year, and 0.5 project manager at $37,500/year. |
Counting billable staff only when hours are sold. |
| Subcontractor Referral Fees |
Variable |
Apply 8.0% of revenue in the first year, falling to 6.0% by the fifth year. |
Modeling referral fees as fixed even though they rise with booked work. |
| Product Procurement Costs |
Variable |
Apply 5.0% of revenue each year as a direct project-linked expense. |
Using gross revenue as contribution before product-related outflows. |
| Marketing and Customer Acquisition |
Semi-variable |
Model the $45,000 first-year budget against $450 customer acquisition cost to test lead volume and spend efficiency. |
Assuming every marketing dollar scales evenly with closed clients. |
| Client Relations and Operations Staffing |
Semi-fixed |
Add capacity in steps: client relations starts in Year 2, and operations management starts in Year 3. |
Smoothing future hires across all months and hiding break-even jumps. |