| Office Rent and Utilities |
Fixed |
Include $7,500 per month in fixed overhead from Month 1 through Month 60. |
Spreading rent across projects and understating the monthly hurdle. |
| Professional Liability Insurance |
Fixed |
Include $2,200 per month as recurring overhead needed to operate. |
Leaving insurance out because it does not attach to one job. |
| Engineering Software Subscriptions |
Fixed |
Include $1,800 per month before calculating project contribution. |
Treating core software as optional until revenue scales. |
| Salaried Engineering, Project Management, Technician, Analyst, and Admin Staffing |
Semi-fixed |
Model payroll in hiring steps as full-time equivalent headcount rises with capacity. |
Treating all payroll as variable and overstating contribution margin. |
| Project Travel and Site Expenses |
Variable |
Apply 10% of first-year revenue, then reduce per the forecast as delivery gets tighter. |
Ignoring travel in project pricing and eroding job margin. |
| Sales Commissions and Referral Fees |
Variable |
Apply 5% of revenue in each forecast year as a direct sales-volume charge. |
Counting booked revenue before the sales fee burden. |
| Cloud Data Infrastructure and Hosting |
Semi-variable |
Apply 8% of first-year revenue, declining to 6% by the fifth year as scale improves. |
Putting all data platform spend in fixed overhead and missing usage drag. |
| Field Equipment Maintenance and Calibration |
Semi-variable |
Apply 4% of first-year revenue, declining to 2% by the fifth year. |
Assuming field tools are only startup equipment, not recurring delivery support. |