| Brewing facility lease |
Fixed |
Carry $4,500 per month as overhead in the monthly break-even base. |
Spreading rent per bottle and assuming it falls when units dip. |
| Insurance and liability |
Fixed |
Include $850 per month as a stable operating expense from Month 1 through Month 60. |
Leaving it out because it does not touch production directly. |
| Salaried payroll |
Semi-fixed |
Use $255,000 in first-year salaries, then step up as the operations manager and added production staffing come online. |
Modeling all labor as variable and missing headcount step-ups. |
| Ingredients and packaging |
Variable |
Apply per-unit materials such as compost base, nutrients, bottles, caps, labels, tote liners, and pallets by product line. |
Averaging all products and hiding the higher tote and specialty formula load. |
| Direct brewing and handling labor |
Variable |
Treat direct brewing, pumping, precision brewing, lab technician, and filtration labor as unit-linked COGS. |
Calling production labor fixed when batch volume drives hours. |
| Payment fees and sales commissions |
Variable |
Apply first-year rates of 3.5% for payment fees and 3.0% for commissions against sales revenue. |
Using gross revenue as contribution before selling fees are removed. |
| Refrigerated shipping and logistics |
Semi-variable |
Model the first-year rate at 8.0% of revenue, then adjust as route density improves in later years. |
Treating delivery and cold handling like fixed van overhead. |
| Utilities, maintenance, and lab testing |
Semi-variable |
Scale facility utilities, equipment maintenance, and quality lab testing with production activity, not just calendar months. |
Freezing these expenses even as batches, routes, and testing volume rise. |