| Raw materials and manufacturing |
Variable |
Model as 12.0% of revenue in the first year, declining to 10.0% by the mature year. |
Using a flat dollar amount and missing margin lift from sourcing scale. |
| Sustainable packaging materials |
Variable |
Apply 3.0% of revenue in the first year, then reduce to 1.0% by the mature year. |
Treating packaging as overhead instead of an order-linked expense. |
| Carbon neutral shipping and fulfillment |
Variable |
Use 4.0% of revenue in the first year, improving to 3.0% as volume grows. |
Leaving fulfillment out of contribution margin and overstating break-even progress. |
| E-commerce transaction fees |
Variable |
Model as 3.0% of revenue in the first year, easing to 2.5% by the mature year. |
Counting payment fees as fixed software instead of per-sale friction. |
| Design studio rent |
Fixed |
Include $4,500 per month from Month 1 through Month 60. |
Spreading rent across units and hiding the monthly cash burn. |
| E-commerce platform subscription |
Fixed |
Include $2,300 per month as a recurring platform commitment. |
Assuming the subscription falls when sales fall. |
| Paid marketing budget |
Semi-variable |
Start with the $150,000 first-year budget, then tie efficiency to customer acquisition cost. |
Modeling spend as purely fixed while customer acquisition cost drives order volume. |
| Customer support hiring |
Semi-fixed |
Add capacity in steps: 0.5 FTE starts in Month 6, then scales to 3.0 FTE by the mature year. |
Adding support one order at a time instead of in staffing steps. |