| Raw Materials and Chemical Treatment |
Variable |
Treat as 8.0% of revenue in the first year, falling to 6.0% by the mature year. |
Putting materials into overhead and overstating contribution margin. |
| Contract Manufacturing and Assembly |
Variable |
Model as 5.0% of revenue in the first year, falling to 3.0% as scale improves. |
Treating assembly as fixed even though it rises with units sold. |
| 3PL Fulfillment and Shipping |
Variable |
Use 4.0% of revenue in the first year, tied to order volume and shipment activity. |
Using one flat shipping number and missing order-level drag. |
| Payment Processing Fees |
Variable |
Apply 2.9% of revenue in the first year, declining to 2.5% by the mature year. |
Leaving card fees below the break-even line. |
| Platform, Lab, Insurance, Accounting, Office, Utilities, and Support Software |
Fixed |
Use $9,600 per month from Month 1 through Month 60 before payroll. |
Spreading overhead per unit and hiding the monthly burn. |
| Wages |
Semi-fixed |
Start at $232,500 per year in the first year, then step up as support and operations roles begin. |
Scaling payroll smoothly with revenue instead of adding headcount in steps. |
| Online Marketing |
Semi-variable |
Use the $120,000 first-year budget with $25 customer acquisition cost to connect spend to new customers. |
Treating all ad spend as fixed after launch. |