| Facility and operating overhead |
Fixed |
Use $13,350 per month for warehouse and office rent, insurance, software, utilities, professional services, fleet insurance, and tracking. |
Spreading fixed overhead across jobs and missing the monthly cash floor. |
| Year 1 base payroll |
Semi-fixed |
Use $49,750 per month until staffing steps up with added crews, engineers, project managers, or sales capacity. |
Treating paid staff as fully variable and ignoring idle technician time. |
| Vehicle capacity |
Semi-fixed |
Model capacity in blocks because crews and vehicles support work up to a limit before another capacity step is needed. |
Assuming vehicles move only with fuel and never create capacity constraints. |
| Direct installation materials |
Variable |
Use 14.0% of first-year revenue because cable, connectors, racks, and related materials rise with project volume. |
Treating materials pass-through as gross margin instead of recoverable job cost. |
| Subcontracted specialized labor |
Variable |
Use 6.0% of first-year revenue for specialized outside labor tied to project demand. |
Burying overflow labor inside payroll and overstating contribution margin. |
| Sales commissions and project bonuses |
Variable |
Use 5.0% of first-year revenue because payouts move with sold and completed work. |
Excluding incentive pay from break-even and overstating sales efficiency. |
| Fuel and vehicle maintenance |
Semi-variable |
Use 4.0% of first-year revenue as the usage-linked layer above the standing fleet base. |
Treating mileage, repairs, and field travel as fixed admin expense. |
| Overtime-driven labor pressure |
Semi-variable |
Model overtime as a usage-linked layer on top of base payroll when jobs exceed staffed capacity. |
Assuming every extra job fits into normal paid hours without margin pressure. |