| Office rent and utilities |
Fixed |
Carry $2,500/month as monthly overhead until the space or lease changes. |
Spreading rent across units and hiding low volume. |
| E-commerce, insurance, accounting, hosting, and software |
Fixed |
Model $1,850/month: $400 platform, $250 insurance, $750 accounting and legal, $150 hosting, and $300 software. |
Dropping small subscriptions from break-even math. |
| Founder, operations, and first-year marketing payroll |
Fixed |
Use salary overhead: $100,000 founder, $75,000 operations manager, and 0.5 FTE marketing specialist in the first year. |
Treating salaried roles like per-unit factory labor. |
| Ingredients, containers, and labels |
Variable |
Deduct per unit: ingredients run $0.50-$0.90, bottles or film $0.15-$0.30, and labels $0.04-$0.05. |
Using one material rate across all detergent formats. |
| Filling labor and shipping cartons |
Variable |
Deduct direct unit handling: filling labor is $0.08-$0.15 and cartons are $0.06-$0.08 per unit. |
Mixing unit packing spend with carrier freight. |
| Shipping and fulfillment |
Semi-variable |
Model as revenue-linked operating spend, starting at 6.0% of first-year revenue and falling to 4.0% by the fifth year. |
Treating freight and outsourced fulfillment like fixed overhead. |
| Digital marketing and payment processing |
Semi-variable |
Use 5.0% of first-year revenue, stepping down to 3.0% by the fifth year as efficiency improves. |
Separating card fees from sales volume in the model. |
| Customer service, product development, and warehouse hires |
Semi-fixed |
Add payroll in steps as scale grows: customer service starts Month 13, product development Month 25, and warehouse support Month 31. |
Smoothing staffing additions evenly across every unit sold. |