| Studio Rent |
Fixed |
Use $6,500 per month in fixed overhead from Month 1 through Month 60. |
Treating rent as project-driven and overstating margin on slow months. |
| Core Software Licenses |
Fixed |
Use $1,200 per month as baseline operating overhead. |
Allocating the full license bill only to large client projects. |
| Utilities & Internet |
Fixed |
Use $800 per month in the fixed break-even base. |
Ignoring small recurring bills because they look immaterial alone. |
| Lead Industrial Designer, Senior UX/UI Designer, and Senior Mechanical Engineer salaries |
Fixed |
Include the first-year core team salaries as fixed capacity cost. |
Modeling senior staff as variable labor tied to each booked project. |
| Prototyping Materials & Consumables |
Variable |
Apply 6.0% of first-year revenue, falling to 4.0% by the mature year. |
Burying prototype rework in overhead instead of charging it to project economics. |
| Project-Specific Travel & Client Meetings |
Variable |
Apply 8.0% of first-year revenue, falling to 6.0% by the mature year. |
Forgetting that client visits rise with active project volume. |
| External Design Tool Subscriptions |
Variable |
Apply 5.0% of first-year revenue, falling to 3.0% by the mature year. |
Putting scalable project tools into fixed software overhead. |
| Project Manager starting Month 13 |
Semi-fixed |
Add the $95,000 annual role when operating scale reaches the second year. |
Spreading the hire across Month 1 and hiding the capacity step. |