| Land Lease Payments |
Fixed |
Include $6,500 per month in fixed overhead from Month 1 through Month 60. |
Spreading lease by rider and understating slow-season break-even risk. |
| Comprehensive Liability Insurance |
Fixed |
Include $4,200 per month as recurring fixed overhead for the planning range. |
Treating insurance as volume-linked when coverage is required before bookings arrive. |
| General Manager, Operations and Safety Manager, and Sales and Events Manager |
Fixed |
Include annual salaries as base payroll because these roles stay staffed across volume levels. |
Moving management payroll below contribution margin and overstating per-rider profit. |
| Adventure Guides and Guest Services Coordinator |
Semi-variable |
Model a base staffing level, then add labor as visits rise from 21,500 in the first year to 43,500 in the mature year. |
Treating guide labor as fully fixed when added shifts depend on bookings. |
| Digital Marketing and Advertising |
Variable |
Apply 8.0% of revenue in the first year, stepping down to 6.0% by the mature year. |
Budgeting one flat monthly amount and missing acquisition pressure in peak sales periods. |
| Booking System Transaction Fees |
Variable |
Apply 2.5% of revenue because fees move directly with paid bookings. |
Putting transaction fees in software overhead and overstating contribution margin. |
| Safety Equipment Maintenance Supplies |
Variable |
Apply 3.0% of revenue in the first year, falling to 2.2% by the mature year as purchasing improves. |
Ignoring wear from higher rider volume and underfunding harness, trolley, and line supplies. |
| Utilities and Groundskeeping |
Semi-fixed |
Start with the $1,800 monthly baseline, then review when seasonal operating days or open hours expand. |
Keeping utilities flat even after longer hours increase site use. |